Direct speech to indirect speech ေလ့လာၾကရေအာင္။

                                                  

                  Direct speech to indirect speech- တုိက္ရုိတ္ေျပာဆုိျခင္းမွ သြယ္ဝုိက္ေျပာဆုိျခင္း

မူလေျပာဆုိသူ၏ စကားမ်ားကုိ တုိက္ရုိတ္မေျပာ ျပန္မေျပာပဲ သူရဲ့ ဆုိလုိရင္းကုိ ျပန္လည္း၍ သြယ္ဝုိက္ေျပာဆုိျခင္းကုိ indirect speech

(or)Reported speech လုိ့ေခၚပါသည္။      

Diect to indirect -ေျပာင္းရာတြင္ ေျပာနည္း (၄)မ်ိဳး၇ွိပါသည္။

     (1)satement -ရုိးရုိးဝါက်မ်ားေျပာင္းျခင္း။

       

       (2)Question-ေမးခြန္းဝါက်မ်ားေျပာင္းျခင္း။

       (3)Imperative,request,command-ေစခုိင္း၊အမိန့္ေပး၊ေတာင္းပန္ဝါက်မ်ားကုိ ေျပာင္းျခင္း။

       (4)Exclamation - အာေမၮိတ္ဝါက်မ်ား ေျပာင္းျခင္း။

Direct to indirect ေျပာင္းရာတြင္ မျဖစ္မေနသိသင့္ရမည္ အခ်က္မ်ား က်တ္မွတ္ထားမွာသာ ေကာင္းစြာ ေျဖဆုိႏုိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။

အလြတ္က်က္မွတ္ရန္။

Person	Pronoun subject (ျပဳလုပ္သူ ကတၱား)	Pronoun object (ျပဳျခင္း ခံရသူ)	(မိမိ ပုိင္ဆုိင္မွဳျပ)	Possessive pronoun(ပုိင္ဆုိင္မွဳျပ)	Reflective pronoun(ကုိယ္တုိင္)
1st	I (သည္)	Me (ကုိ)	My (၏)	Mine (၏ဟာ)	Myself (မိမိ ။)
။	We	Us	Our	Ours	ourselve
2nd	you	You	Your	Yours	youselve
3rd	He	Him	His	His	himself
။	She	Her	Her	Hers	herself
။	It(၄ငး္)	It	Its	Its	itself
။	They	Them	Their	Theirs	themselve

 Direct to indirect speech ေျပာင္းရာတြင္ ဇယားေလး ကုိ ပုိင္နုိင္စြာ သိထားမွသား ေကာင္းစြား ေျပာင္းႏုိင္ပါသည္။        

1^st person group – I ,we (I,we သည္ ေျပာသူ subject(1^st person ႏွင့္ဆုိင္သည္ကုိ မွတ္သားထားရန္။)

2^nd person group-you     (you သည္ အျမဲ အေျပာခံရသူ (2^nd person ႏွင့္ ဆုိင္သည္ကုိ မွတ္သားရန္။)

3^rd person group- he,she,it,they

ဥပမာႏွင့္ရွင္းျပလွ်င္ ေျပာင္းရာတြင္ အခက္ေတြ့မည္ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ပါ။

e.g(1)Mg Mg said to Mya Mya, “I love you.”(direct speech)

 Mg Mg                said to      Mya Mya                        I           love        you.

ပထမေျပာသူ(1^st)                   ဒုေျပာခံရသူ(2^nd)          1^st group              2^nd group(you သည္   ေျပာခံရသူႏွင့္ဆုိင္သည္။)

(1)ပထမဆုံးေျပာတဲ့သူကုိ 1^stဆုိျပီ အမည္ေပးလုိက္ပါ။ပထမေျပာတဲ့သူသည္ mg mg ျဖစ္သည္။

(2)ဒုတိယအေနနဲ့ အေျပာခံရသူ ေနာက္တစ္ေယာက္ပါလာဆုိျပီ ၾကည့္ပါ။အေျပာခံရသူသည္ mya myaျဖစ္သည္။ (2^nd)ဆိုျပီ 

အမည္ေပးလုိက္ပါ။

(3)အေပၚတြင္ ျပထားေသာ ဇယာကုိ ၾကည့္လုိက္ပါ first preson အုပ္စု ျဖစ္ေသာ I ကုိ ေတြ့မယ္။(1^st )လုိ့ ထပ္မွတ္ေပးပါ။

(4) youသည္ (2^nd person)အုပ္စု ျဖစ္သည့္အတြက္(2^nd)ဆုိျပီ မွတ္ေပးပါ။

(5)V-1 ဆုိရင္ V-2 ေျပာင္းေပးပါ။

ဒါဆုိရင္ ရွင္းသြားမယ္လုိ့ ထင္ပါသည္။(1^st)ျခင္း(1^st) တြဲထားေပးပါ။(2^nd)ျခင္း(2^nd)တြဲထားေပးပါ။

အေျဖ ေရးၾကည့္ၾကရေအာင္  

Mg Mg told Mya Mya that he loved her.(indirect speech)

ေျပာသူႏွင့္ အေျပာခံရသူ မိန္းကေလးလားေယာက္က်ာ္းေလးလား ၾကည့္ျပီ သက္ဆုိင္ရာ( 3^rd person)

သုိ့ေျပာင္းေပးလုိက္ပါ။                                                                                                                                      

  

Direct speech to indirect speech –verb မ်ားေျပာင္းလဲျခင္း

Direct	Indirect
V1	V2
am,is(နည္း), are (မ်ား)              am,is,are +Ving	was(နည္း),were(မ်ား)                  was,were+Ving
have(မ်ား),has(နည္း)+V3                                    have,has,been+Ving	had+V3             had+been+Ving
V2           was,were+Ving	had+V3            had+been+Ving
can                    shall                    will                    may                    must	could                  should                  would                  might                  must

Time change

Direct	Indirect
this(morning)	that (morning)
today	thatday
these(days)	those(days)
now	then
a go	before
last	the previous
here	there
next	the following
tomorrow                  yesterday	the next day          the day before

1.Statement-ရုိးရုိးဝါက် ေျပာင္းနည္း။

(1)အေျပာခံရသူမပါလွ်င္ said that ၊ ပါလွ်င္said to  ကုိ told သုိ့ေျပာင္း။

(2)comjuction ျဖစ္ေသာ that နဲ့ ဆက္ေပးရသည္။

(3)verb ,time ,1^st person,2^nd person မ်ားကုိ 3^rd person သုိ့ေျပာင္းေပးပါ။

e.g(1)The boy said,”I help my mother.”(D.S)

          The boy said that he helped his mother.(ID.S)

           ဒီနားေလးမွာ အမွားဇေဝဇဝါ ျဖစ္တတ္ပါတယ္။him,his ဘယ္ဟာ သုံးရမလဲ ျဖစ္တတ္ပါတယ္။

အေပၚက ဇယာေလးမွာ ေသခ်ာ ေလ့လာေပးဖုိ့ လုိအပ္ပါတယ္။him သည္ pronoun object ျဖစ္သည္။

His သည္ possessive ပုိင္ဆုိင္မွဳကုိျပပါသည္ သူတုိ့ရဲ့ေနာက္မွာ အျမဲ noun လုိက္ပါသည္။ဒါေၾကာင့္ his ကို သုံးရျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။

e.g(2)Mya Mya said to a boy,”I give you a book.”

         Mya Mya told a boy that  she gave him a book.(him နဲ့his သုံးပုံကုိ နားလည္းမွာပါ)

e.g(3)He said to me,”I am a soldier.”

         He  told me that he was a soldier.

2.Question-ေမးခြန္ဝါက်ေျပာင္းနည္း။

(1)said,said to ကုိ asked ေျပာင္းပါ။

(2)wh- ေမးခြန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ စထားေသာ စာေၾကာင္းမ်ားကုိ wh-ႏွင့္ ဆက္ေရးပါ။

(3)helping verb မ်ားျဖစ္ ေမခြန္းထုတ္ထားလွ်င္ “if (or) whether”တစ္ခုခုႏွင့္ ဆက္ေပးပါ။

(4)verb ,time ,1^st person,2^nd person မ်ားကုိ 3^rd person သုိ့ေျပာင္းေပးပါ။

(5)Question လုိေမးထားသျဖင့္ အေျဖမ်ားကုိ conjunction ျဖစ္ဆက္ျပီးလွ်င္ sub+verb+obj ျဖင့္ျပန္ေရးပါ။

(6)do,does,did မ်ားကုိ အေျဖ ျပန္ေျဖရာတြင္ ျဖဳတ္ေပးရသည္။(do,does)ကုိျဖဳတ္လွ်င္ verb သည္(v1)၊(did)ကုိ ျဖဳတ္ရင္ေတာ့ (verb) 

ကုိ (v2) ေျပာင္းသြားသည္ကုိ သတိျပဳပါ။

e.g(1)The boy said to a girl,”what do you buy?”  (?-ပါေနသျဖင့္ asked ႏွင့္ေျဖရမည္ကုိ သိထားရမည္)

         The boy asked a girl what she bought.(ဒီမွာဆုိရင္ do ကုိ ျဖဳတ္လုိက္တဲ့အတြက္ main verb သည္ v1 ျဖစ္သည္။(direct 

speech )မွာ (v2)ေျပာင္းရေသာေၾကာင့္  bought ျဖစ္သြားသည္။

e.g(2)He said to a girl,”Are you a teacher?”

        He asked a girl if she was a teacher.

e.g(3)Mg Tin said to Ma Yin,”where did you live last year?”

 Mg Tin asked Ma Yin where she had lived the previous year.

3.Imperative,request,command-ေစခုိင္း၊အမိန့္ေပး၊ေတာင္းပန္ဝါက်မ်ားကုိ ေျပာင္းျခင္း။

(1)said to မ်ားကုိ ordered ,requested,asked ,told သင့္ေတာ္ရာကုိ ေျပာင္းပါ။ေနာက္မွာ အေျပာခံရသူ obj ၇ွိ၇မည္။

(2)v1 ႏွင့္ စထားလွ်င္ to+v1 ျဖစ္ေရးပါ။

(3)negative မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ(do not,don’t )တုိ့ကုိ not to +v1 ပုံစံေရးပါ။

(4)please ပါလွ်င္ျဖဳတ္

(5)verb ,time ,1^st person,2^nd person မ်ားကုိ 3^rd person သုိ့ေျပာင္းေပးပါ။

e.g(1)The teacher said to students,”Wash your faces?”

         The teacher ordered students to wahs their faces.

e.g(2)He said to him,”please wait here till I return.”

         He requested him to wait there till he returned.

 4. Exclamation - အာေမၮိတ္ဝါက်မ်ား ေျပာင္းျခင္း။

(1)exclamation (!)ျဖင့္ ေရးသားမွဳမ်ားနည္းပါး ပါသည္ သိပ္မသုံးေသာေၾကာင့္ )

(2)said ေနရာကုိ exclaimed သုိ့ ေျပာင္းေပးရသည္။

(3)conjunction (that) ႏွင့္ဆက္ေပးရသည္။

(4)့how,what တုိ့သည္ ဘယ္လုိေလးလွလုိက္တာ ၊ဘယ္လုိေလးျဖစ္ေနတာ adj မ်ားကုိ ပုိမုိးေလးနက္ေအာင္ သုံးထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

     How,what တုိ့ကုိ ျဖဳတ္ျပီး great (သုိ့)very ေျပာင္းေပးရသည္။

(5) verb ,time ,1^st person,2^nd person မ်ားကုိ 3^rd person သုိ့ေျပာင္းေပးပါ။

e.g(1)She said,”how beautiful I am !”

         She said that she was very  beautiful.

e.g(2)She said,”what a lovely garden it is!”

         She said that it was very lovely garden.

                                            ေလ့လာေပးေသာ သူငယ္ခ်င္းမ်ားကုိ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။

                                                                                 zayyar (D.S.A) 

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