10:45 PM
zayyarwin
လာလည္သူ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြကုိ english grammar ေလးေတြ ထဲက tense အေၾကာင္းေလးကုိ
ကၽြန္ေတာ္ သိထားသလို တင္ျပေပးလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ့ အလယ္တန္းေက်ာင္းသား တုန္းက ဒီ
tense ေလးေတြကို သင္ခဲ့ ဖူးပါတယ္။ အဲ့တုန္းက အဓိက သိထားတဲ့ tense (3) ခုပဲ သိထားပါတယ္။
ဘာေတြ လည္းဆုိရင္ present,past,future tense ဆုိျပီ ေကာင္းေကာင္း သိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ေနာက္ပုိင္း
အထက္တန္းေက်ာင္းသာ မွာေတာ့ သူတုိ့ကို ခြဲျပီး ေနာက္ထပ္ continuous tense အေၾကာင္းေတြကုိ
သိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲ့ေလာက္ သိတာေလးနဲ့ တင္ essay and letter ေလးေတြ ေရးျပီ တစ္ပတ္တစ္ခါ
ဆရာ၊ဆရာမေတြကုိ ျပခဲ့ဖူးပါတယ္။ မွားတာေလးေတြ ပါရင္ ဆရာ၊ဆရာမေတြက ျပင္ေပးၾကပါတယ္။
အဲ့တုန္းက tense သုံးပုံ သုံးနည္းေတြကုိ ေကာင္းေကာင္း နားမလည္ ခဲ့လုိ့ပါ။အခုခ်ိန္ထိ သုံးရတာ
ခက္ပါတယ္။ လြယ္ကူတဲ့ tense ေလးနဲ့ ေရးျဖစ္တာ မ်ားပါတယ္။ မိမိဆီမွာ ေမာင္ႏွမ အငယ္ေတြ
တူ၊တူမေလး ေတြကုိ သင္ၾကားတဲ့ အခ်ိန္မွာေတာ့ ကေလးေတြက ဒီ tense အားလုံးကုိ သိဖုိ့ ဆုိတာ
မလြယ္ပါဘူး။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ့ ကုိယ္တုိင္လည္းပဲ အကြ်မ္းက်င္ၾကီး မသိပါဘူး။ ဒီလုိပဲ ေလ့လာရင္ အကုန္
ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ေက်ာင္းသား၊ေက်ာင္းသူ ေလးေတြ အတြက္ေတာ့ အနာဂတ္မွာ ဘာလုပ္ခ်င္ ဘာျဖစ္တယ္ အဲ့လုိ့ letter ေခါင္းစဥ္ေတြ ေမးတာ မ်ားပါတယ္။ အဲ့လုိ့ အခ်ိန္မွာ တျခား tense ေတြနဲ့ ေျဖလုိ့ မရပါဘူး။ future tense နဲ့ ေျဖမွ သာ မိမိ ေရးထားေသာ စာမ်ားကုိ စာဖတ္သူက ဆက္ဖတ္မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဝါက် အစမွာကတည္းက သုံးထားတဲ့ verb ကုိၾကည့္လုိက္တာနဲ့ မွားလား မွန္လား ခြဲျခား သိရွိႏုိ္င္ပါတယ္။
မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္နဲ့ ေရးထားတဲ့ ေက်ာင္းသား ရဲ့ စာကေတာ့ စာစစ္သူ ဆရာ ေတြက
ဖတ္ခ်င္လာတယ္။စိတ္ဝင္စားလာမယ္။ အမွတ္ေတာင္ ေပးခ်င္လာမယ္ေပါ့။ကဲ...ကၽြန္ေတာ္...ေျပာတာ
..ရွည္ေနျပီ ေနာ္....ေအာက္မွာ....ေလ့ လာၾကရေအာင္...။ မွားရင္ အမွန္ျပင္ေပးဖုိ့ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံပါတယ္။
လာလည္သူ ေလ့လာသူ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြကို ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္.......
zayyar
TENSE-အခ်ိန္ကာလ
Tense- အခ်ိန္ကာလ သုံးမ်ိဳးရွိပါသည္။
(1)Simple present tense-ရုိးရုိးပစၥဳပၸန္ကာ
(2)Simple past tense-ရုိးရုိးအတိတ္ကာလ
(3)Simple future tense-ရုိးရုိးအနာဂတ္ကာလ ဟူ၍ tense (၃)မ်ိဳးခြဲျခားထားပါသည္။
sentence construction တည္ေဆာက္ရာမွာ အမွားယြင္းနည္းစြာ ေရးနုိင္မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။မိမိေရးထားတဲ့ verb နဲ့ မိမိသုံးထားတဲ့ tense
ဟာကြဲလြဲမွဳ၊မွားယြင္းေနမယ္ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ အဲ့ sentence construction ေရးထားတဲ့ စာေၾကာင္းဟာ ဆားမပါနဲ့ ဟင္းလုိ့ ျဖစ္ေနမွာပါ။ဒီ tense
(3)ခုသည္ အသုံးမ်ားျပီး ေရးသားရာတြင္ လြယ္ကူလွပါသည္။
Tense(3)ခုဟာခြဲျခားေလ့လာျခင္း။
No: | tenses | using | meaning |
1 | I do | ျပဳလုပ္သည္။ | |
2 | I am doing | ျပဳလုပ္ေနသည္။(ယခု) | |
3 | I have done | ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးျပီ။ | |
4 | I have been doing | ျပဳလုပ္ေနခဲ့ျပီးျပီ။(ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ လုပ္ေနဆဲ) | |
5 | I did | ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့သည္။ | |
6 | I was doing | ျပလုပ္ျပီးေနခဲ့တယ္။(မေန့ကလုိမ်ိဳးလုပ္ခဲ့တာကုိ ဆုိလုိ) | |
7 | I had done | ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့တယ္။ | |
8 | I had been doing | ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ျပီးတယ္။(ဟုိအရင္တုန္းက) | |
9 | I will do | ျပဳလုပ္လိမ့္မည္။ | |
10 | I will be doing | ျပဳလုပ္ေနခဲ့လိမ့္မည္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ) | |
11 | I will have done | ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးလိမ့္မယ္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ) | |
12 | I will have been doing | ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့လိမ့္မယ္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ) |
1.Simple present tense-ရုိးရုိးပစၥဳပၸန္ကာ-V1
အမွန္တရား၊အေလ့တုိ့ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပလုိလွ်င္Prsent tense ကုိ သုံးရသည္။
e.g(1)The sun rises in the esat.(အမွန္တရားကုိ ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ V-1 ကုိသုံးသည္။)
(2)The earth moves round the sun. (အမွန္တရားကုိ ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ V-1 ကုိသုံးသည္။)
(3)Mya Mya always goes to school every morning.(အေလ့ထကုိ ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ V-1 ကုိသုံးသည္။)
မွတ္ခ်က္။ဒီအခ်က္ျပမ်ားႏွင့္ ေရသားထားေသာစာေၾကာင္းမ်ားသည္ Simple present tense(V-1)ကုိ သုံးရသည္။
Always,never,usually,often,frequentlay,generally,everyday,every week,only,still,ever…..etc.
Fill in the blacks.
(1)Shwedagon --------in Yangon.(am)
(2)He usually -------and ------to school.(go,study)
(3)The moon -------round the earth.(move)
(4) She -------- not play tennis.(do)
(5) The bus -------not arrive at 11 AM, it --------at 11 PM.(do,arrive)
2.Present Continuous Tense- ပစၥပၸဳန္ ျဖစ္ေနဆဲကာလ(ယခုျဖစ္ေနဆဲ)
အလုပ္တစ္ခု မျပီးေသးပဲ ဆက္လွ်က္ျပဳလုပ္ေနဆဲလုိ ေျပာခ်င္ေရးခ်င္တဲ့အခါမွာ Present Continuous Tense ကုိသုံးသည္။
Present continuous tense အသုံးျပဳပုံ
(verb to be+V-ing)-ေနသည္။(ယခုေနဆဲ)
အခ်က္ျပ။always, only, never, ever, still, just,always,still,now
(1) They are reading their books.
(2) I am going to school now.
(3) I am studying to become a doctor.
(4) I don't like them because they are always complaining.
3.Present Perfect Tense-ပစၥပၸဳန္ျဖစ္ျပီးကာလ
အလုပ္တစ္ခုကုိ လုပ္ျပီးသြားတယ္လုိ့ ေျပာခ်င္ေရးခ်င္ရင္ present perfect tense ကုိသုံးသည္။
(Verb to has/have+V-3)-ျပီးျပီ။(လက္ရွိျဖစ္ျပီးဆဲ)
အခ်က္ျပ။ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
(1) You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times.?(introgative sentence)
You have not seen that movie many times.(negative)
(2) I have seen that movie twenty times.
(3) Have you read the book yet?
(4) I have been to France.(ဒီ sentence မွာ ဂ်ပန္ကုိ once သုိ့ several times ေရာက္ခဲ့ျပီးျပီလုိ့ဆုိပါသည္။)
(5) I have not finished homework yet.
4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense-ပစၥပၸဳန္ ျဖစ္ေနျပီးကာလ
လက္ရွိျဖစ္ေနျပးီ၊ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ ရွိေနဆဲ၊ေျပာေနဆဲ၊လုပ္ေနဆဲ စတာေတြကုိ ေျပာခ်င္ေရးခ်င္တဲ့အခါမွာPresent Perfect Continuous Tense ကုိ သုံးရသည္။
(has/have+been+V-ing)- ျပဳလုပ္ေနခဲ့ျပီးျပီ။(ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ လုပ္ေနဆဲ)
အခ်က္ျပ။ for---,since,lately,recently, always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
(1) You have been waiting here for two hours.
(2) They have been talking for the last hour.
(3) She has been working at that company for three years.
(4) Recently,I have been finishing dinner with my parents.
(5) You have only been waiting here for one hour.
5.Simple past tense-ရုိးရုိးအတိတ္ကာလ
အတိတ္က ျဖစ္ရပ္ေတြ၊လြန္ခဲ့ေသာအခ်ိန္က ျဖစ္ခဲ့လုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ အေလ့ထေတြကုိ ေျပာခ်င္၊ေရးခ်င္တဲ့အခါေတြမွာ Simple Past Tense
(V-2)ကုိသုံးသည္။
Past tense- (V2) ခဲ့သည္
အခ်က္ျပ။(always,only,just,every, often, usually, never)လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ အေလ့ထေတြကို ေျပာတဲ့အခါသုံးသည္။
။last---,yesterday,the day before,for five minutes,all day,all year
(1)i went to school with my friends to study lessons by bus yesterday.(မေန့က သြားခဲ့သည္ဆုိတဲ့အေၾကာင္းကုိ
ေရးခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ past tense ကုိ သုံးရျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။တျခားဟာမ်ား သုံးျပီးေရးလုိက္ပါက sentence တစ္ခုလုံး meaning မရွိေတာ့ပါဘူး)
yesterday ဆုိတဲ့ အခ်က္ျပ ပါေနတဲ့အတြက္ past tense(V-2) ကုိ သုံးကုိသုံးရမည္ျဖစ္သည္။
(2)I studied very hard last night.
(3)We had our dinner when you phoned.
(4) Last year, I traveled to Japan.
လြန္ခဲ့ေသာအခ်ိန္က တစ္ျပိဳင္းတည္း ျဖစ္ပ်က္ခဲ့တာေတြကုိလဲ past tense နဲ့ ေရးသည္။
(1) I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
(2) He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
(3) I studied english language for 3 years.
(4) He studied english language when I was a child.
6.Past Continuous Tense- ျပလုပ္ျပီးေနခဲ့တယ္။(မေန့ကလုိမ်ိဳးလုပ္ခဲ့တာကုိ ဆုိလုိ)
(was/were+Ving )-ေနခဲ့သည္။
အခ်က္ျပ။ last---,yesterday,the day before
(1) Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.(လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့အခ်ိန္က စားေနခဲ့တယ္ ဆုိတာကုိ ေျပာျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။)
(2) Yesterday at this time, I was sitting and studying lectures at my dask.
(1) Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.( လြန္ခဲ့ေသာညေန6နာရီမွာ စျပီး စားခဲ့သည္။)
(2) Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.( လြန္ခဲ့ေသာညေန6နာရီမွ စျပီ စားေနခဲ့သည္။)
မတူညီတဲ့သူႏွစ္ေယာက္သည္ မတူညီတဲ့အလုပ္ေတြကုိ တစ္ျပဳိင္နက္ ျပဳလုပ္ေနတဲ့အခါေတြမွာ ေျပာခ်င္ေရးခ်င္တဲ့အခါမွာ Past Continuous Tense ကုိသုံးသည္။
(1) I was studying while my mother was making dinner.
(2) While Mya Mya was reading, Tin Tin was watching television.
(3) What were you doing while you were waiting?
(4) I was studying when she called.
(5) While I was studying, she called.
7.Past Perfect Tense-အတိတ္မွာျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့သည္။
(had+V-3)-ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့သည္။
မွတ္ခ်က္။after,before
(1) We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
(2) You had previously studied English before you moved to Yangon.
(3) Mya Mya had never been to an opera before last night.
(4) She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense- ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ျပီးတယ္။(လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့အခ်ိန္က)
(had been+V-ing)- ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ျပီးေနတယ္။(လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့အခ်ိန္က)
မွတ္ခ်က္။for..,before,all
(1) You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
(2) They had been talking for over an hour before Mg Mg arrived.
(3) U Ba wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
(4) Mya Mya failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
(5) U Mg was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
9. Simple Future Tense-ရုိးရုိးအနာဂတ္ကာလ
ေနာင္လာမဲ့ အနာဂတ္မွာ ဘာလုပ္လိမ့္မည္ ၊ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ေတြ ေရးခ်င္ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့အခါ Simple Future Tense သုံးသည္။
Model verb(will)+V1-လိမ့္မည္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ ရည္ရြယ္တာမ်ဳိး)
မွတ္ခ်က္။ soon,next year,in coming year,later
(1) You will help him later.
(2) I will not do your homework for you.
(3) I will go and visit with my friends to my native town in coming month.
မွတ္ခ်က္။ frequency adverb မ်ား
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
(1) You will never help him.
(2) You are never going to meet, U Mg Mg.
Will +V-1= is/are + going to +V-1
(1) We are going to meet at 6 PM.
(2) Mg Mg is going to make a dinner for his friends tonight.
10. Future Continuous Tense- ျပဳလုပ္ေနခဲ့လိမ့္မည္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ)
(will be+V-ing)- ျပဳလုပ္ေနခဲ့လိမ့္မည္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ)
(1) You will be waiting for her when the plane arrives tonight.
will be +V-ing = am/is/are + going to be +V-ing
(2) You are going to be waiting for her when the plane arrives tonight.
(3) I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
(4) Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
မတူညီတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းရာေတြကုိ တစ္ျပိဳင္တည္းေဖာ္ျပရမွာလည္း Future Continuous Tense ကုိ သုံးသည္။
(1) I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
(2) While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner.(ျဖစ္ရပ္နွစ္ခု ျဖစ္လာလွ်င္ ပထမ ျဖစ္ရပ္ကုိ present continous tense ကုိ သုံးသည္။ဒုတိယ ျဖစ္ရပ္ကုိေတာ့ - Future Continuous Tense ကုိသုံးသည္ကုိ သတိျပဳပါ။)
မွတ္ခ်က္။ frequency adverb မ်ား
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
(1) You will still be waiting for her when the plane arrives.
(2) You are still going to be waiting for her when the plane arrives.
11. Future Perfect Tense- ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးလိမ့္မည္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ)
(will have +V-3)-ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးလိမ့္မယ္။
Will have + V-3 =am/is/are +going to + have +V-3
(1) You will have perfected your English by the time you become a good teacher.
(2) You are going to have perfected your English by the time you become a good teacher.(when=by the time ႏွစ္သက္ရာ ေရးႏိုင္ပါသည္။)
(3) By next December, I will have received my promotion.
(4) I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework.(ပထမစာေၾကာင္းကုိ present perfect ကုိသုံးျပီး ဒုတိယ စာေၾကာင္းကုိေတာ့ future perfect tense သုံးသည္ကုိ သတိျပဳပါ။)
မွတ္ခ်က္။ frequency adverb မ်ား
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
(1) You will only have learned a few words.
(2) You are only going to have learned a few words.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense- ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့လိမ့္မယ္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ)
Will+have+been+V-ing= ျပဳလုပ္ျပီးခဲ့လိမ့္မယ္။(အနာဂတ္မွာ)
Will+have+been+V-ing=am/is/are +going to +have+been+V-ing
(1) You will have been waiting for more than two hours when the plane finally arrives.
(2) You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when the plane finally arrives.
မွတ္သားရန္။
V-ing= present participle (ေနသည္)
V-3=past participle(ျပီးျပီ)
Frequency adverb မ်ားသည္ helping verb ႏွင့္ main verb ၾကားတြင္ အျမဲတမ္းေရးေပးရသည္။ 
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ကိုေရြးေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္ " ပရိတ္သတ္ရဲ႕ Comment တစ္ခုဟာ ပို႕စ္အသစ္
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